Monitoring for cardiac anaesthesia

Essential

•  ECG (5-lead)
•  Invasive arterial pressure
•  Non-invasive arterial pressure
•  Central venous pressure
•  Core temperature
•  Urine output
•  Anaesthetic agent analysis
•  Ventilation: 

        - Tidal volume/respiratory rate
        - Airway pressure
        - End-tidal carbon dioxide

•  Oxygenation

        -  Inspired/expired oxygen
         - Pulse oximetry

Optional

•  Pulmonary artery catheter
•  Transoesophageal echocardiography
•  Cardiac output
•  Oesophageal Doppler
•  Pulse-contour analysis
•  Near infrared spectroscopy
•  Bispectral index monitoring (BIS)