Risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications.

Table of risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications. Click to enlarge:

ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists.
1. Within each evidence category, risk factors are listed according to strength of evidence, with the first factor listed having the strongestevidence.
2. Subsequent evidence indicates that this is a probable risk factor.

Data from Smetana GW, Lawrence VA, Cornell JE, et al: Preoperative pulmonary risk stratifi cation for noncardiothoracic surgery: systematic review for the American College of Physicians, Ann Intern Med 2006;144(8):581-595.