Indications for Intubation and Mechanical Ventilation.





  • Cardiorespiratory arrest or impending arrest.
  • Respiratory distress/tachypnea with increased ventilatory demand and breathing effort leading to respiratory muscle fatigue
  • Severe hypercapnic respiratory failure with either poor candidacy for nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) or failure of NIPPV
  • Severe refractory hypoxemia with failure of noninvasive oxygen delivery devices
  • Inability to protect the airway
  • Inability to clear secretions
  • Need for therapeutic hyperventilation or hypoventilation
  • Upper airway obstruction with poor airway patency
  • Decreased respiratory drive with bradypnea
  • Severe trauma
  • Surgery requiring general anesthesia

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