Antiarrhythmic Drugs and Associated Arrhythmias.




Class I: Fast sodium (Na) channel blockers: 
  • Ia - Quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide (depress phase 0, prolonging repolarization) 
  • Ib - Lidocaine, phenytoin, mexiletine (depress phase 0 selectively in abnormal/ischemic tissue, shorten repolarization) 
  • Ic - Flecainide, propafenone, moricizine (markedly depress phase 0, minimal effect on repolarization) 



Class II: Beta blockers (partial list).Decrease slope of phase 4: 

  • Propranolol
  • Esmolol
  • Timolol
  • Metoprolol
  • Atenolol


 Class III: Potassium (K) channel blockers: 

  • Amiodarone (prolongs phase 3; also acts on phases 1, 2, and 4) 
  • Sotalol (prolongs phase 3, decreases slope of phase 4) 
  • Ibutilide (prolongs phase 3) 
  • Dofetilide (prolongs phase 3) 



  Class IV: Slow calcium (Ca) channel blockers. Prolong phase 2: 

  • Verapamil 
  • Diltiazem


 Class V: Variable mechanism: 

  • Adenosine
  • Digoxin 
  • Magnesium sulfate

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