POSTOPERATIVE PAIN RELIEF (WHO).

    

    
    Pain is often the patient’s presenting symptom. It can provide useful clinical information and it is your responsibility to use this information to help the patient and alleviate suffering.
    Manage pain wherever you see patients (emergency, operating room and on the ward) and anticipate their needs for pain management after surgery and discharge. Do not unnecessarily delay the treatment of pain; for example, do not transport a patient without analgesia simply so that the next practitioner can appreciate how much pain the patient is experiencing.

Analgesia in Children

    Children suffer from pain as much as adults, but may show it in different ways. Make surgical procedures as painless as possible:

 Oral paracetamol can be given several hours prior to an operation

 Local anesthetics (bupivacaine 0.25%, not to exceed 1 mL/kg) administered in the operating room can decrease incisional pain

 Paracetamol (10–15 mg/kg PO/PR every 4–6 hours) is safe and effective

 For more severe pain, use intravenous narcotics (morphine 0.05–0.1 mg/kg IV) every 2–4 hours

 Ibuprofen 10 mg/kg every 6–8 hours

 Ketamine 1-3 mg/kg/hr IV